Introduction to
“DRAUPADI”
The wife of the great Pandavas renowned alike for her
loveliness and her granite will. Volcanic, she reduced her enemies to
the ashes. But her story is a saga of suffering. This fiery princess bent on
vengeance could be compassionate and generous, too.
Author:Padma
Shenoy
Draupadi
It was early morning. Mother was already up and at her work. As usual she
chanted some slokas (short stanzas in Sanskrit) as she did her household
duties.
After a few slokas in praise of the Lord, there was one, which began with
the names of the sacred rivers of the land – the
Mother chanted the sacred names of pure and virtuous women of olden days -
Ahalya, Draupadi. Seetha, Thara and Mandodari.
Little Usha was awake. Having heard these slokas every morning she too had
learnt them by heart.
But merely singing the slokas along with Mother would not satisfy Usha. She
was now of an age when children want to know everything. She would ask so many
questions. Where was the river
Today also little Usha asked a question.
"Mother, who was Draupadi?"
Mother caressed little Usha and said, "Draupadi was a heroic princess.
One who was firm. A woman with an
unbending will. She was greatly devoted to Lord Krishna. Usha, now read your lessons. In the night I shall tell you
the story of Draupadi."
At night, the mother was eager to narrate the story, the daughter was eager to listen to it.
Challenge to
Archers
It was long long ago. There was a kingdom called Panchala. Drupada was the
king. For many years he had no children. So, to get children he performed
‘tapas’; that is, day and night he thought only of God and prayed to Him. God
blessed him, and two children were born. The first was a son, called
Dhrishtadyumna, and the second, a daughter called Draupadi.
Draupadi was as good as she was beautiful. When she grew up, she charmed everyone
with her soft words and sweet conduct. Her father wanted her to marry the most
heroic prince. So Draupada arranged a "Swayamvara’. (That was a method by
which a princess cold herself choose her husband.)
Invitations were sent out to kings and princes of all countries, far and near.
The palace was bedecked with sparkling diamonds and other precious tones.
It was the Swayamvara of Draupadi, the princess of unequalled beauty; her
wedding by her own choice. Naturally kings and princes gathered in their hundreds,
each eager to marry the princess.
Now, how to find out whom among them was the most heroic and valiant? ‘Let
it be decided in this assembly,’ thought King Draupada and arranged a contest.
At the center of the hall a mechanical device was erected; on it was placed a
revolving object in the shape of a fish. The reflection of this revolving fish
could be seen in the water below. A very heavy bow was kept nearby. Any one who
desired the hand of Draupadi in marriage had to lift that huge bow, bend it and
tie the bowstring; then, looking at the reflection, he had to take aim with
five arrows and bring down the rotating fish. Such a one would be a hero worthy
of Draupadi’s hand. Many of the assembled kings retreated, as soon as they
heard of this contest. Of those who came forward to try their hand, some could
not even lift the heavy bow. The hundreds of princes who had come to marry
Draped were all beaten.
"Is there no hero here to wed my daughter?" the worried Draupada
asked.
Then stood up one who was seated among the Brahmins in
that assembly. The whole gathering burst into laughter at this. A bow
that had humbled so many princes and kings, would it bend in a Brahmin’s hands?
A Brahmin could eat his fill at the royal banquet after the marriage, and be happy
with the gifts and money. But why these mad adventure? Everyone thought it a
big joke.
But lo and behold! The man walked boldly towards the bow and saluted it. And
he lifted it easily as if it was light like a straw! He twanged the bow-string
and aimed five arrows. Looking down at the water, he shot an arrow – and down
came the revolving fish!
At once the bands struck. And Draupadi garlanded the hero.
Who was the
Brahmin?
In those days the royal house of Kurus was very famous in Bharata. Dhritarashtra
and Pandu were two brothers of this royal line. Pandu had five sons –
Yudhishthira, Bheema, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva. Yudhishthira was very
righteous person. Bheema was an expert fighter with the "Gada’, the mace.
Arjuna was an excellent bow-man. All the five were great heroes. They were
known as the Pandavas. The one hundred sons of Dhritarashtra were known as the
Kauravas; of these Duryodhana and Dusshasana were the eldest.
Kind Pandu passed away. The Kauravas wanted to kill the Pandavas and get the
entire kingdom. When children go the wrong way, it is the father’s duty to
advise them properly. But Dhritarashtra became a party to the injustice planned
by his sons. So he ruined himself, and his sons were also destroyed.
Dhritarashtra himself once, summoned the Pandavas and said, "Today is
the festival of Lord Umamaheshwara in Varanavatha. You may go and attend
it."
In great joy, the Pandavas took their mother Kunthi also with them and went
to Varanavatha. But do you know what trick the Kauravas were playing? They had
built a beautiful
At this time they heard the news of Draupadi’s Swayamvara and went to the Panchala country. In that assembly of kings it was the great archer Arjuna who mastered the heavy bow.
Queen Of the Pandavas
The Pandavas returned home from the Swayamvara hall. With joy they shouted
to their mother, "Mother, we have brought a priceless gift." Kunthi
who was inside the house, replied, "Divide it equally among you."
A mother’s words must by obeyed. So Draupada was
worried. Then the great sage Vyasa said the Draupadi was born to be the wife of
the five Pandavas. He said the power of her goodness had brought the Pandavas
alive from the burning palace. Draupada was satisfied.
The marriage took place with great splendor in the presence of Shri Krishna.
Draupadi became the wife of the five Pandavas. Bheeshma, the eldest of the
royal family of the Kurus, and Drona, the royal teacher, were both very happy.
They told Dhritarashtra that the Pandavas were still alive by God’s grace; they
advised him to give them half the Kingdom. The Kauravas outwardly seemed to be
glad.
The sons of Pandu now got their kingdom. They made the city of
Shri Krishna personally supervised the performance of the Rajasuya Sacrifice. The Kauravas has no mind to see the splendor of their cousins. Still they also attended. Unfortunately Duryodhana was put to shame there. In the new palace he took a pond for polished floor and fell into the water. Draupadi laughed at this. The eyes of the Kaurava King grew red like fire. Further on he saw the floor shining with high polish and thought it was a pond; so he lifted up his clothing that it may not get wet. Again there were waves of laughter. Duryodhana burned with shame. And he vowed punishment.
The Great Stake
After a few days Duryodhana sent an invitation to Yudhishthira to play dice.
Yudhishthira was very fond of gambling. But he was no expert. Shakuni, a
supporter of the Kauravas, was a very experienced player. So what else could
happen? Yudhishthira went on losing. He offered his chariots, horses and
elephants as stakes and lost them; lost his royal treasures; offered all his
servants as stakes and lost them; and lost his kingdom also. Finally he and his
four brothers became the slaves of the Kaurava King.
And yet again Shakuni said, "This is the last game. If you win, all
that you have lost so far, everything will be given back to you. Offer Draupadi
as the stake. Win back your kingdom and all."
Yudhishthira was drunk with the excitement of gambling. He did not pause to think how wring his action was. Like all gamblers he only said, "Yes." The dice were thrown. The Kauravas won.
Draupadi’s
Only Shield – God’s Grace
Duryodhana burst into a wicked laugh. "Who’s there? Draupadi is now my
servant. Drag her here," he ordered.
The Pandavas felt as if their hearts were stabbed. They bent their heads in
shame. Yudhishthira now knew what an unjust action he was guilty of. But it was
now too late and regret was of no use.
Draupadi was in her queenly apartment. Duryodhana’s messenger went and told
her, "Yudhishthira has lost you n a game of dice,
and Duryodhana has won. So now, you must serve in Dhritarashtra’s palace."
Draupadi was dazed. She said, "Can anyone offer his wife as a stake in
any gamble? Further. If Yudhishthira had lost himself earlier, then he had no
right to offer me as a stake. Did King Yudhishthira first offer himself or me
as a stake? Find out and come back." The messenger returned to the court.
Hearing his words, Duryodhana was very angry.
"A servant woman should have a short tongue," said Duryodhana.
You go and drag her here by the hair," he told Dusshasana.
By nature this Dusshasana was wicked. And now he was ordered by his elder
brother. So what could check his arrogance?
He dragged Draupadi by her hair to the royal court.
And Duryodhana taunted her, "Yudhishthira lost everything. Finally he
staked you also. You are now my servant."
It was a crowded royal court. Many were the elders in it – like
Dhritarashtra, Bheeshma, Drona , Kripa and Vidura.
Draupadi looked at them all with eyes eager for help. But no one spoke.
All the elders were silent. The subjects were stunned. Her husbands sat with
their heads bowed.
"Where righteousness and justice do not exist, it ceases to be a court;
it is a gang of robbers," said Draupadi.
Dusshasana grinned and uttered wicked words.
Bheema was like a volcano now. He thundered in anger, "I will burn the
hands of Dusshasana."
The old sire Bheeshma advised Duryodhana and said, "Do not disgrace the
royal family of the Kurus."
But Duryodhana gave only a cruel laugh. And he ordered Dusshasana – "A
servant need have no queenly robes. Snatch her sari.
Dusshasana should have respected Draupadi, his sister-in-law, like his own
mother. But the wicked fellow began to pull at her sari.
Draupadi’s weeping and wailing would have moved a stone to mercy. She begged
all the elders to protect her. Tearfully she told them, "To be dishonored
is to die. Please save me." She turned to the five Pandavas and said,
"My father had faith in the strength of your arms and gave me to you. In
an open assembly I am being dishonored, but you sit with folded arms. Are you
not ashamed?"
But all her words were useless. She was the daughter of King Draupada; she
was the wife of the Pandava heroes who defeated all other Kings and performed
the great Rajasuya Sacrifice; an empress in truth. But when she was being
insulted and dishonored in the open court, there was no one to protect and help
her.
Draupadi wept and sobbed – "O Lord Krishna! You are always kind to your
worshippers. Please do not forsake me, whoever may do so. O Protector of the
helpless! You are my one help!" She closed her eyes; her mind fixed on
Lord Krishna.
O Wonder of wonders! Draupadi’s sari became endless. Dusshasana went on pulling her sari. The saris rose in a heap. Dusshasana’s hands were tired.
‘Only After You
Are Punished……’
Still Duryodhana’s pride would not come down. "What if the sari has
become endless?" he said, and patting his thighs, again taunted, "You
are a servant in my palace."
Insult after insult! Draupadi’s wrath raised its hood with a hiss and cried
for revenge. She cursed him in anger: You will die with a broken thigh."
She shouted at Dusshasana: "Only after you get punished for this sin, I
will tie up my hair. Not till then."
The court trembled at her terrible oath. The earth shook. Comets filled the
sky. There were ill omens on all sides.
Bheema, who had the strength of a hundred elephants, had so far kept quiet
because of his elder brother. Now his rage knew no bounds. And he thundered –
"I will beat this sinner Duryodhana’s thighs into pulp. And I vow to tear
open Dusshasana’s breast and drink his blood."
Bheeshma and Drona cautioned Dhritarashtra – "Why do you keep quiet
even after listening to the wickedness of your sons? You have heard the curse
of the pained heart of the very virtuous woman, Draupadi. It might mean the end
of your line."
Dhritarashtra was also afraid. He said to Draupadi, "You should not
have been shamed thus. You are indeed a good and righteous woman. Ask of me any
boon."
Draupadi asked for the liberation of her husbands. Dhritarashtra returned their kingdom also and tried to console them.
The Pandavas in the
The Kauravas were angry. They had won the kingdom by great cunning – but
their father had given it back. How were they to get it once again? They
decided that the only way was to play dice again. Another invitation was sent
to Yudhishthira to come and play. The party which was defeated would have to
give up the whole Kingdom and remain in the forest for twelve years, and then
for another year live somewhere incognito(that is,
without being recognized by others.) If they were recognized by anybody during that
period, then they had to repeat the twelve year’s stay in the forests and spend
a year incognito. This was the condition of the match.
Yudhishthira was defeated again.
The Pandavas gave up their royal robes and put on clothes made of the bark
of trees. Draupadi followed her husbands. In the palace she had live in luxury.
But now, because of stones and thorns, at every step blood
oozed from her feet.
So the forest life of the Pandavas began. Shri Krishna was the beloved God
of Draupadi. He did not forget his devotees in the forest, but visited them now
and again. Many sages also visited the Pandavas now and then and guided them.
The Sun-God gave Yudhishthira a magic vessel. This vessel would not become empty until Draupadi’s ,meal was over. So every one would be fed very well. Draupadi would eat at the end. After that the vessel could not be used on that day. Thus even in the midst of the hardships and suffering of forest life, Draupadi had some peace.
‘We Are in the
Jaws of Death’
Duryodhana took away the kingdom of the Pandavas and sent them to the
forest. But still he had only one thought day and night – how could the
Pandavas be put to more trouble? Once the sage Durvasa went
to him. Duryodghana treated him with great courtesy and hospitality. The
sage was highly pleased. Then Duryodhgana requested a favor – that Durvasa with
hundreds of his disciples should go the forest and ask for the hospitality of
the Pandavas. Durvasa agreed.
Accordingly the sage with hundreds of Bramins went to the Pandavas.
Yudhishthira greeted them respectfully and requested them to accept his
hospitality. Durvasa Rishi agreed. He went with is disciples to have his bath
and offer worship before the meal. But Draupadi was in fear. She had also
finished her meal. How could they feed and satisfy hundreds of hungry persons
now? Durvasa Rishi was well known for his terrific anger. If he opened his eyes
in rage, he would burn the victi9m to ashes. So now Draupadi could turn only to
Lord Krishna, she offered prayers in her mind – "O Krishna, only you, and
no one else, can protect us. Save us !"
And behold,
Draupadi was overjoyed that
The sage Durvasa and Brahmins were returning, after bathing in the river Yamuna. All of a sudden, everyone felt as if he had a sumptuous meal with many delicacies. Durvasa Rishi blessed the Pandavas. "Your righteousness will always protect you," he said.
The Vile
Jayadratha
But Draupadi’s troubles were not yet over. Jayadratha was the king of
Sindhudesha and was married to Dusshale, the daughter of Dhritarashtra. He too
had gone to Draupadi’s Swayamvara and was unsuccessful. He could not get her by
valor. He thought she could be attracted by riches. He cunningly waited for a
time when Draupadi was alone. He went to her heaped before her a pile of costly
jewels. Draupadi rejected everything. Jayadratha forced Draupadi into his
chariot and sped away. The sages nearby ran to Bheema and Arjuna and informed
them. They were greatly enraged and followed the chariot at once. With a single
stroke Bheema brought down the enemy. But Yudhishthira asked him not to kill
Jhayadratha. Bheema kicked Jayadratha and allowed him to run away.
Once again in
Danger
By now the period of twelve years which they had to spend in a forest was
over. Next the Pandavas had to spend a year incognito. How could five famous
heroes, with a very beautiful wife, remain unknown for one full year anywhere?
Would the Kauravas keep quiet?
And it would be most difficult for Draupadi, because she was a woman.
The Pandavas thought for long. And then they took secret decision.
Yudhishthira disguised himself as a pious Brahmin. He assumed the name of Kanka
Bhatta and entered the place of Virata, the King of the Mathsya country. Bheema
joined service in the kitchen of Virata, taking the name of Valala. Arjuna, to
be known as Brihannala, taught dancing to the princesses. Nakula joined the
royal stables as a supervisor and Sahadeva began to look after the palace
dairy.
Draupadi went to Queen Sudeshna and begged to be taken as one of her
attendants. The Queen was more than surprised at the great beauty of Draupadi.
So she asked, "who are you? Where you do you come
from?"
"I am wife to five Gandharas who are divine musicians. I am expert at
doing the hair. I shall stay with you for one year and then go away."
Queen Sudeshna was pleased and engaged her.
Draupadi, daughter of the powerful King Draupada, wife of the Pamdavas who
could conquer the whole world, she who sat on the throne as an empress and was
accepted by Lord Krishna himself as his sister, was now a servant to Queen
Sudeshna.
Yet she could at least see her husbands who were in the same palace; and
this was a consolation.
But trouble was ahead !
Keechaka
Is Killed
Keechaka was Queen Sudeshna’s younger brother, and a very strong man. Once
he saw Draupadi. He was moved by her great beauty and asked his sister,
"Who is this very beautiful woman?"
Sudeshna could make out the evil thoughts of her brother. She was afraid.
She replied, "Brother, though she is a servant she is a very virtuous
woman. She is the wife of five Gandharavas, it seems."
Without the knowledge of the Queen, Keechaka begged Draupadi – "enough
of this service. Come and be my queen."
Draupadi warned him – "Leave such evil thoughts or else you will be
like a weak boy jumping into a folded river to cross it." She ran away
from him. But Keechaka followed her like an evil spirit.
Once he actually chased her. Draupadi ran away with fear. She entered the
royal court. There was King Virata. Kanka Bhatta and Valala were also there.
Keechaka angrily pushed her and walked away. His eyes were burning with anger.
Draupadi was now like a cobra whose hood had been touched. She thundered,
"You are all watching passively, when a man pushes about a woman ! Is this a King’s way?"
The cook Valala – Who was Bheema in disguise – was hissing in anger. He
stared at a tree – as if he would wrench a branch and kill Keecaka with it. But
Yudhishthira cleverly said, "Cook valala, why do you eye that tree thus?
It should not be felled now. There is still time." He also consoled
Draupadi and sent her back.
But Draupadi could not control her anger and agony. That night she went to
bed and wept and wept. In the dead of the night she quietly went to Bheema and
said tauntingly – "While Keechaka tortures me, are you meditating with
closed eyes?"
"I wanted to finish him," Bheema said. "But brother
Yudhishthira came in the way. Wait for a few days."
Draupadi was enraged and said, "I came with some trust and confidence
in you. With five heroes as my husbands, there is none to protect my honor.
Yudhishthira is always bound by justice and morality. Arjuna is busy teaching
dancing. Nakula and Sahadeva are not strong enough. After you took to cooking,
your arms also have become weak. Alas, what could you do? You are not to blame.
But it is not one or two insults I have suffered. I only cause trouble to you
people, and am a source of trouble. At least permit me to die."
Pity welled up in Bheema’s heart at her condition "calm yourself," he told her. "Make Keechaka come to the
dancing hall I will finish his story."
The next day Keechaka came to the Queen’s apartment, and again he began to
follow and tease Draupadi. But what a surprise! She seemed to favor him.
"Come tonight to the dancing hall," she told him.
Keechaka’s joy knew no bounds. He went that night to the dancing hall.
Bheema pounced upon him. But Keechaka was also no ordinary man. He was a hero
among heroes. There was a terrific fight. And Bheema killed him.
The next day thee was commotion in Virata Nagara.
The city was full of rumors. Queen Sudeshna wept in sorrow. Keechaka’s brothers
boiled with rage that because of her, their eldest brother had been killed.
They determined to burn her along with Keechaka’s body and caught hold of her.
How could one helpless woman resist so may wicked
persons? Bheema went quietly to the cremation ground. He uprooted some trees,
took them with him, and beat the wicked fellows to their death with those
trees.
Sudeshna called Draupadi and said to her with folded hands – "Enough
harm has been done. Please go away."
"There are just a few days more," Draupadi said, "and then my
husbands will take me away.’
Thus the year was over. The Pandavas and Draupadi gave up their disguises and appeared in their true forms. King Virata was overjoyed. He celebrated the marriage of his daughter Uttara with Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna and Subhadra.
‘
According to the conditions of the game of dice, the Kauravas had now to
return half the kingdom of the Pandavas. Shri Krishna himself was to go to
Duryodhana on their behalf. Yudhishthira repeatedly told
Bheema, Arjuna and Nakula also agreed with him. Only Sahadeva wanted war.
Draupadi was great pain, remembering all the trouble and insults she had to suffer
ever since she married the Pandavas. She said "
Draupadi’s eyes seemed to dart fire.
So saying he left for the court of the Kauravas on his mission. But his negotiations failed.
A Vow Fulfilled
The war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas raged on the plains of the Kurukshetra. It lasted eighteen days. Blood flowed like a river. Bheeshma, the patriarch, lay on a bed of arrows. Drona died. Karna was killed by Arjuna. Nakula and Sahadeva killed Shakuni and his sons. Bheema dragged Dusshasana from his chariot, beat him up with his mace and tore his chest open. That avenged the insults to Draupadi. Duryodhana’s thigh was broken by Bheema wit his big mace, and he fell down.
Sorrow Follows
Sorrow
Leaving Duryodhana with a broken thigh, the Pandavas returned to their camp.
They thought that all Kauravas were dead and victory was theirs. But Draupadi’s
cup of misery was not yet full.
Drona’s son Ashwatthama supported Duryodhana. He swore to kill the Pandavas
and went into their camp during the night. He could not lay his hands on the
Pandavas. He beheaded the Upa-Pandavas, the five sons of Draupadi.
Day dawned; Draupadi saw what had happened and her heart turned to ashes.
She rolled on the ground in sorrow with tears streaming down her face.
Draupadi had lived long years of intense agony; at last when happiness seemed near, she lost all her sons.
To Heaven
The war was over. Yudhishithira was now to be king. But he wanted to give up
everything. "I have killed my own relations and become a sinner, and I do
not wish to be king", he said. He would not listen to his brothers who
spoke words of consolation. Then it was this heroic woman, Draupadi, who
finally convinced Yudhishthira. She told him, "This was a war fought for
justice. The Kauravas brought destruction upon themselves because of their own
unjust actions. It is now our duty to protect the people who are still alive,
and rule over the land justly."
Yudhishthira then agreed to ascend the throne. The Pandavas ruled over the
land only for the good of the people. They also looked after Dhritarashtra and
his wife Gandhari affectionately.
Some years later Shri Krishna left the world. Meanwhile Dhritarashtra,
Gandhari and Kunthi had all died.
When they came near
Such Beauty! And Such Suffering!
Draupadi herself once said to
It is often said that woman is weak and helpless. But when the Pandavas had
lost their kingdom and Dhritarashtra granted her a boon, Draupadi got the
kingdom back for her husbands. When Yudhishthira lost her at dice, Draupadi
boldly asked – "Did he lose himself first or me? If he staked himself
first and lost, had he authority over me?" No one in that full royal
court, not even great scholars, could answer her.
Once provoked, Draupadi became the symbol of woman’s strength and power. She
rebuked the court – "When Drona and Bheeshma and others also sit dumb like
this, this is no court." She vowed that she would plait her hair only
after Dusshasana was killed. She cursed Duryodhana and his brothers. When Keechaka
teased her, Yudhishthira tried to pacify her. But she fanned the fire of
Bheema’s anger, and burnt Keechaka in it.
After twelve years of life in the forest and one year in disguise,
Yudhishthira said, "Let there be no war which kills elders and relations
and thousands of others. If Duryodhana gives just five villages, it is
enough." Even Bheema was soft. But Draupadi spoke words of file – "If
you people do no fight I will make my father, brother, Abhimanyu and the Upa-
Pandavas fight with the Kauravas." She tied up her hair only after
Dusshasana lay in blood.
But this fiery heroine was not without kindness and affection. She was insulted, taunted and driven to the forest by the sons of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari. When, Dusshasana pulled at her sari, Dhritarashtra and Gandhari would not help her. But after the War of Mahabharata, Draupadi looked after Gandhari with respect and affection; she treated her in the same way as she treated Kunthi.
The Unforgettable
Heroine
Usha’s mother came to the end of the story of Draupadi. Usha sat quiet, her
mind still full of the story. Her mother said, "Usha dear, it is not money
or position that makes any one great. No one in this world can escape troubles
and difficulties. Draupadi was the queen of the five Pandavas. Subhadra was
"Yes, mother. Listening to this story, I have so much sympathy for
Draupadi and so much of admiration. I am filled with wonder for her remarkable
personality. What a great story you have told me today, mother! I must remember
this story and turn it over in my mind again."